MANIFESTASI KLINIS DAN TATALAKSANA UVEITIS TUBERLULOSIS
Abstract
Uveitis tuberkulosis merupakan salah satu manifestasi tuberkulosis ekstraparu yang memiliki spektrum klinis luas dan sering menimbulkan tantangan dalam penegakan diagnosis. Penyakit ini dapat terjadi akibat invasi langsung Mycobacterium tuberculosis ke jaringan okular maupun sebagai respons imun terhadap antigen bakteri. Manifestasi klinisnya bervariasi, meliputi uveitis anterior, intermediat, posterior, hingga panuveitis, dengan posterior uveitis sebagai bentuk yang paling sering ditemukan. Diagnosis umumnya bersifat presumtif dengan menggabungkan temuan klinis, pemeriksaan imunologis seperti IGRA atau uji tuberkulin, pencitraan toraks, serta respons terhadap terapi. Penatalaksanaan utama adalah pemberian terapi anti-tuberkulosis yang dikombinasikan dengan kortikosteroid untuk mengendalikan inflamasi intraokular. Kombinasi terapi ini terbukti memberikan perbaikan tajam penglihatan dan resolusi inflamasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan terapi tunggal. Prognosis bergantung pada kecepatan diagnosis dan inisiasi terapi, dengan luaran yang lebih baik pada penanganan dini. Namun, risiko komplikasi seperti katarak, glaukoma, dan edema makula tetap menjadi perhatian. Oleh karena itu, pendekatan multidisiplin dan kewaspadaan klinis yang tinggi sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan hasil terapi.
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