ANALISIS PERILAKU PARTISIPASI PASIEN HIPERTENSI DALAM PROGRAM PROLANIS: PENDEKATAN HEALTH BELIEF MODEL
PARTICIPATION BEHAVIOR OF HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS IN THE PROLANIS PROGRAM: A HEALTH BELIEF MODEL APPROACH
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. The Chronic Disease Management Program (PROLANIS) by BPJS Health aims to improve the quality of life of patients with hypertension. However, the level of patient participation is still low. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is used to understand the factors that influence the health behavior of hypertensive patients in following PROLANIS. Objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between variables in the HBM, such as perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action, with hypertension patients' participation in PROLANIS at Puskesmas Kampung Baru. This study used a cross-sectional design with total sampling technique, involving 295 hypertensive patients who were members of PROLANIS. Data were collected through a validated HBM questionnaire. Data analysis was performed with Spearman's Rho correlation test. The results showed significant associations between Health Belief Model constructs and hypertensive patients’ participation in PROLANIS. Perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy showed the strongest correlations, while perceived severity, benefits, and barriers showed weak correlations. Cues to action were not significantly associated. Health Belief Model explains PROLANIS participation among hypertensive patients. Perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy are key determinants, indicating the importance of risk awareness and confidence-building interventions.
Abstrak
Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas di dunia. Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis (PROLANIS) yang diselenggarakan oleh BPJS Kesehatan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien hipertensi. Namun, tingkat partisipasi pasien masih rendah. Model Keyakinan Kesehatan (HBM) digunakan untuk memahami faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku kesehatan pasien hipertensi dalam mengikuti PROLANIS. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan antara variabel dalam Model Keyakinan Kesehatan (HBM), seperti persepsi kerentanan, keparahan, manfaat, hambatan, kepercayaan diri, dan dorongan untuk bertindak, dengan partisipasi pasien hipertensi dalam PROLANIS di Puskesmas Kampung Baru. Studi ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan teknik sampling total, melibatkan 295 pasien hipertensi yang menjadi anggota PROLANIS. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner HBM yang telah tervalidasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji korelasi Spearman's Rho. Hasil menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara konstruksi Model Keyakinan Kesehatan dan partisipasi pasien hipertensi dalam program PROLANIS. Persepsi kerentanan dan kepercayaan diri menunjukkan korelasi terkuat, sementara persepsi keparahan, manfaat, dan hambatan menunjukkan korelasi lemah. Isyarat tindakan tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan. Model Keyakinan Kesehatan menjelaskan partisipasi dalam PROLANIS di kalangan pasien hipertensi. Persepsi kerentanan dan efektivitas diri merupakan determinan kunci, menunjukkan pentingnya kesadaran risiko dan kepercayaan diri.
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