KARDIOMIOPATI PERIPARTUM ATAU SEPSIS: SIAPA PEMICU UTAMA GAGAL JANTUNG AKUT PASCAPERSALINAN?

PERIPARTUM CARDIOMYOPATHY OR SEPSIS: WHICH IS THE PRIMARY TRIGGER OF ACUTE POSTPARTUM HEART FAILURE?

Keywords: Kardiomiopati Peritpartum, Gagal Jantung Akut Tidak Terkompensasi, Sepsis

Abstract

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare but potentially fatal form of dilated cardiomyopathy occurring in late pregnancy or within five months postpartum. Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a severe complication often worsened by sepsis. Case Illustration: A 28-year-old woman, two months postpartum, presented with progressive dyspnea, peripheral edema, and ascites. Laboratory findings showed microcytic hypochromic anemia, metabolic acidosis, electrolyte imbalance, and sepsis. The infection source was suspected to be multiple dental caries or lower urinary tract infection. ECG revealed sinus tachycardia and diffuse T-wave inversion. The diagnosis of ADHF due to PPCM complicated by sepsis was established. She was treated with oxygen, intravenous diuretics, inotropes, vasodilators, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and metabolic correction with marked improvement. The coexistence of PPCM and sepsis creates a synergistic effect through systemic inflammation, reduced left ventricular contractility, and multi-organ dysfunction. Management requires balancing guideline-directed heart failure therapy with aggressive infection control to improve outcomes. PPCM should be considered in postpartum women presenting with acute heart failure. Odontogenic or urinary sepsis may trigger severe decompensation; thus, early detection and multidisciplinary management are crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Abstrak
Kardiomiopati peripartum (PPCM) merupakan bentuk kardiomiopati dilatasi langka namun berpotensi fatal, terjadi pada akhir kehamilan hingga lima bulan pascapersalinan. Gagal jantung akut tidak terkompensasi (ADHF) merupakan komplikasi berat yang dapat diperburuk oleh sepsis. Ilustrasi Kasus: Seorang wanita 28 tahun, dua bulan pascapersalinan, datang dengan sesak progresif, edema perifer, dan asites. Pemeriksaan menunjukkan anemia mikrositik hipokrom, asidosis metabolik, gangguan elektrolit, dan tanda sepsis. Sumber infeksi diduga berasal dari karies gigi multipel atau infeksi saluran kemih bawah. EKG menunjukkan sinus takikardia dan inversi gelombang T difus. Diagnosis ADHF akibat PPCM yang diperberat sepsis ditegakkan, dan pasien mendapat oksigen, diuretik intravena, inotropik, vasodilator, antibiotik spektrum luas, serta koreksi metabolik dengan perbaikan klinis signifikan. Kombinasi PPCM dan sepsis menyebabkan efek sinergis berupa peningkatan inflamasi sistemik, penurunan kontraktilitas ventrikel kiri, dan risiko gagal organ multipel. Penatalaksanaan harus menyeimbangkan terapi gagal jantung sesuai pedoman dengan kontrol infeksi agresif untuk memperbaiki luaran pasien. PPCM perlu dipertimbangkan pada wanita pascapersalinan dengan gagal jantung akut. Sepsis odontogenik atau urogenik dapat memicu dekompensasi berat; oleh karena itu, deteksi dini dan tata laksana multidisiplin sangat krusial untuk menurunkan morbiditas dan mortalitas.

Author Biography

Hery Diansyah Putra, Universitas Riau, Indonesia

Department of Cardiology & Vascular Medicine

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Published
2026-01-01
How to Cite
Alparisi, B. D., Putra, H. D., & Ihsan, M. (2026). KARDIOMIOPATI PERIPARTUM ATAU SEPSIS: SIAPA PEMICU UTAMA GAGAL JANTUNG AKUT PASCAPERSALINAN? PERIPARTUM CARDIOMYOPATHY OR SEPSIS: WHICH IS THE PRIMARY TRIGGER OF ACUTE POSTPARTUM HEART FAILURE?. Jurnal Kedokteran STM (Sains Dan Teknologi Medik), 9(1). https://doi.org/10.30743/stm.v9i1.1033