FAKTOR-FAKTOR RISIKO PENYAKIT MALARIA: STUDI KARAKTERISTIK, LINGKUNGAN DAN PERILAKU
MULTIFACTORIAL RISKS FOR MALARIA INCIDENCE: CHARACTERISTIC, ENVIRONMENT AND BEHAVIORAL STUDY
Abstract
Malaria masih menjadi masalah kesehatan global yang utama, terutama di Indonesia. World Malaria Report 2020 melaporkan terdapat 229 juta kasus dan 409.000 kematian akibat malaria. Di Indonesia, Kecamatan Kutambaru, Kabupaten Langkat, Sumatera Utara, melaporkan 22 kasus (84%) pada tahun 2020. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor risiko malaria di Kecamatan Kutambaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang dengan sampel sebanyak 283 orang yang dipilih secara accidental sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data meliputi analisis univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat dengan menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan, pengetahuan, penerangan rumah, semak belukar, rumah berdinding kayu tanpa plafon, genangan air, rumah dekat kebun atau sungai, dan sering keluar rumah pada malam hari berhubungan dengan kejadian malaria. Hasil multivariat menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan merupakan faktor yang dominan dengan nilai OR sebesar 5,766 yang mengindikasikan bahwa pengetahuan yang kurang baik berpengaruh besar terhadap kejadian malaria di Kutambaru. Kearifan lokal dapat dimanfaatkan dalam memberdayakan masyarakat dengan tujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat melalui pendidikan kesehatan dengan melibatkan peran pelayanan kesehatan dan instansi pemerintah terkait khususnya di Kecamatan Kutambaru Kabupaten Langkat.
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