PERAN PROFILAKSIS ANTIBIOTIK DALAM PENCEGAHAN INFEKSI LUKA OPERASI: TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS
THE ROLE OF ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS IN THE PREVENTION OF SURGICAL WOUND INFECTIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Abstract
Profilaksis antibiotik praoperatif memiliki peran penting dalam mencegah infeksi situs bedah (SSI), yang dapat berkontribusi pada penurunan morbiditas, mortalitas, dan perpanjangan masa rawat inap. SSI sering terjadi pada pembedahan berisiko tinggi akibat kontaminasi bakteri. Tinjauan literatur sistematis ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas profilaksis antibiotik dalam mengurangi SSI dengan memilih antibiotik yang optimal. Tinjauan ini mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020, dengan menggunakan basis data seperti Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, dan ProQuest, serta fokus pada studi yang diterbitkan dalam 10 tahun terakhir. Uji klinis acak (RCT) dan studi non-acak dimasukkan. Tiga studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Satu studi menunjukkan bahwa bubuk vancomycin intrawound secara signifikan mengurangi SSI pada operasi tulang belakang. Studi lain melaporkan bahwa pemberian cephalexin dan metronidazol secara oral pascaoperasi mengurangi tingkat SSI pada wanita obes setelah operasi sesar. Studi ketiga menyimpulkan bahwa profilaksis antibiotik perioperatif sama efektifnya dengan profilaksis yang diperpanjang pada operasi maksilofasial, tanpa ada manfaat tambahan dari penggunaan yang lebih lama. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa profilaksis antibiotik efektif dalam mencegah SSI; namun, penggunaan yang lebih lama tidak selalu memberikan manfaat tambahan dan dapat meningkatkan risiko resistensi. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan strategi profilaksis, dengan fokus pada uji klinis multisenter dan pengelolaan antibiotik yang bijaksana.
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