ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MENYEBABKAN KEJADIAN HEPATITIS B PADA TENAGA KESEHATAN DI RS GRANDMED LUBUK PAKAM
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS THAT CAUSE THE INCIDENT OF HEPATITIS B IN HEALTH PERSONNEL AT GRANDMED LUBUK PAKAM HOSPITAL
Abstract
Hepatitis B adalah salah satu risiko infeksi utama bagi tenaga kesehatan akibat paparan darah dan cairan tubuh pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara status vaksinasi, penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD), dan riwayat cedera jarum suntik terhadap kejadian hepatitis B di RS Grandmed Lubuk Pakam. Penelitian menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional, melibatkan 68 tenaga kesehatan melalui teknik total sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik multivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status vaksinasi hepatitis B memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan kejadian hepatitis B (p=0,005; OR=18,048). Penggunaan APD secara konsisten juga berpengaruh signifikan dalam menurunkan risiko infeksi (p=0,008; OR=0,064). Selain itu, riwayat cedera jarum suntik meningkatkan risiko infeksi hepatitis B secara signifikan (p=0,019; OR=10,867). Tenaga kesehatan yang tidak divaksinasi, tidak menggunakan APD, atau memiliki riwayat cedera jarum suntik memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terinfeksi hepatitis B. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya vaksinasi hepatitis B sebagai intervensi prioritas untuk melindungi tenaga kesehatan dari risiko infeksi. Selain itu, kepatuhan dalam penggunaan APD dan penerapan protokol pencegahan cedera jarum suntik harus menjadi bagian integral dalam sistem kesehatan nasional. Implikasi dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mendorong kebijakan kesehatan lokal maupun nasional untuk meningkatkan cakupan vaksinasi hepatitis B, memperkuat pengawasan penggunaan APD, serta memastikan ketersediaan alat keselamatan medis di fasilitas kesehatan
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