PERAWATAN PALIATIF KARDIOVASKULAR: PENDEKATAN PENYAKIT JANTUNG TERMINAL
Abstract
Penyakit kardiovaskular merupakan penyakit dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas tertinggi di dunia. Mortalitas dan morbiditas tersebut mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien hariannya dan menjelang kematiannya. Diperlukan perawatan holistik yang berguna untuk meningkatan kualitas hidup pasien dengan penyakit serius atau terminal kardiovaskular dan komplikasinya. Perawatan tersebut adalah perawatan paliatif, dimana perawatan ini multidisiplin dengan dukungan psikososial dan spiritual. Perawatan paliatif ini dibagi menjadi dua yaitu, primer dan sekunder. Perawatan paliatif primer dilakukan oleh ahli jantung, sedangkan perawatan sekunder dilakukan oleh ahli paliatif dengan tim lain. Perawatan ini dapat diterapkan pada pasien dengan penyakit jantung iskemik, penyakit katup jantung berat, gangguan irama, penyakit arteri perifer dan penyakit jantung kongenital dewasa. Penggunaan pereda nyeri dapat digunakan pada penyakit jantung iskemik, juga pengaturan ICD pada aritmia. Pada pasien dengan masalah katup, penyakit arteri perifer, maupun penyakit jantung kongenital, tindakan invasif maupun prosedur operasi perlu didiskusikan bersama dengan preferensi dari pasien. Diharapkan para ahli jantung dapat menggunakan layanan perawatan paliatif kardiovaskular untuk pasien tahap terminal kardiovaskular di kemudian hari.
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