TARGETING GUT-BRAIN AXIS: POTENSI BIFIDOBACTERIUM BREVE A1 SEBAGAI TERAPI NEUROPROTEKTIF BARU PADA PENYAKIT ALZHEIMER
TARGETING THE GUT-BRAIN AXIS: BIFIDOBACTERIUM BREVE A1 AS A NEUROPROTECTIVE THERAPY FOR ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Abstract
Penyakit Alzheimer (AD) merupakan gangguan neurodegeneratif progresif dan penyebab utama demensia di dunia. Terapi farmakologis yang tersedia saat ini, seperti penghambat asetilkolinesterase dan antagonis reseptor NMDA, masih bersifat simptomatik dan belum mampu menghentikan progresivitas penyakit. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, gut–brain axis menjadi fokus penelitian karena perannya dalam menghubungkan mikrobiota usus dengan neuroinflamasi, metabolisme amiloid, dan fungsi kognitif. Salah satu probiotik yang banyak diteliti adalah Bifidobacterium breve strain A1, yang diduga memiliki efek neuroprotektif melalui modulasi respons imun dan sinyal saraf. Studi ini bertujuan untuk meninjau potensi Bifidobacterium breve strain A1 sebagai terapi ajuvan neuroprotektif pada penyakit Alzheimer melalui modulasi gut–brain axis. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada basis data PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, dan Google Scholar untuk publikasi periode 2015–2025. Studi praklinis dan klinis menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi B. breve A1 berhubungan dengan peningkatan fungsi memori, penurunan inflamasi hippocampus, serta penekanan akumulasi amiloid-β dan fosforilasi tau. Uji klinis pada lansia dengan gangguan kognitif ringan juga melaporkan peningkatan skor MMSE, RBANS, dan suasana hati tanpa efek samping bermakna. Kesimpulan: Bifidobacterium breve A1 berpotensi menjadi terapi ajuvan yang aman dan non-invasif untuk memperlambat progresivitas penyakit Alzheimer melalui modulasi gut–brain axis.
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