EFEKTIVITAS PROBIOTIK SEBAGAI TERAPI ADJUVAN PADA ANSIETAS DAN DEPRESI: TINJAUAN SISTEMATIK RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
EFFECTIVENESS OF PROBIOTICS AS ADJUVANT THERAPY IN ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
Abstract
Ansietas dan depresi merupakan gangguan mental yang prevalensinya terus meningkat secara global dan menimbulkan beban signifikan terhadap kualitas hidup. Respons yang tidak optimal terhadap terapi konvensional mendorong eksplorasi terapi tambahan, termasuk probiotik, yang bekerja melalui modulasi gut–brain axis. Artikel ini menilai peran probiotik dalam manajemen ansietas dan depresi berdasarkan bukti ilmiah terkini. Tinjauan sistematik ini disusun mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada basis data PubMed, Google Scholar, dan SagePub untuk artikel original berbahasa Inggris yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2016–2026. Studi yang disertakan adalah uji klinis terkontrol acak yang mengevaluasi efek probiotik terhadap luaran ansietas dan/atau depresi. Artikel tinjauan pustaka, meta-analisis, editorial, laporan kasus, dan publikasi tanpa DOI dikecualikan. Sebanyak sembilan artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Mayoritas studi melaporkan perbaikan gejala depresi dan/atau ansietas pada kelompok probiotik dibandingkan kontrol, meskipun signifikansi statistik bervariasi. Efek yang lebih konsisten ditemukan pada pasien dengan gangguan depresi dibandingkan populasi sehat. Probiotik berpotensi menjadi terapi adjuvan yang aman dan menjanjikan dalam manajemen ansietas dan depresi, namun diperlukan penelitian lanjutan berskala besar untuk memastikan efektivitas dan menentukan protokol optimal.
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