PENDEKATAN DIAGNOSIS LESI KISTIK REGIO COLLI
DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH OF CYSTIC NECK LESION
Abstract
Lesi kistik di regio colli merupakan temuan klinis yang sering dijumpai dan memiliki variasi etiologi yang luas, mulai dari kelainan bawaan, infeksi dan neoplasma. Penegakan diagnosis yang tepat sangat penting untuk menentukan terapi yang sesuai dan mencegah komplikasi. Tinjauan pustaka naratif ini dilakukan melalui pencarian literatur pada Google Scholar antara tahun 2015–2025 dengan kata kunci: “cystic neck lesion”, “neck cyst”, “diagnostic approach”, “ultrasound”, “CT”, “MRI”, dan “fine needle aspiration”. Kriteria inklusi meliputi artikel yang membahas aspek diagnostik lesi kistik leher pada manusia, berbahasa inggris atau indonesia, dan diterbitkan tahun 2015–2025. Artikel yang tidak relevan, duplikasi, atau tanpa akses teks penuh dikeluarkan. Dari 17.100 artikel, 29 artikel memenuhi kriteria dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Pemeriksaan klinis dengan pendekatan lokasi, pencitraan (ultrasonografi/ USG, CT scan, MRI) dan sitopatologi (fine needle aspiration biopsy/ FNAB) memiliki peran komplementer dalam diagnosis lesi kistik di regio colli. Pemeriksaan USG merupakan modalitas pemeriksaan penunjang awal paling efektif, sementara CT scan/MRI memberikan karakterisasi lebih mendalam dan menilai keterlibatan jaringan sekitar. Pemeriksaan FNAB membantu membedakan proses infeksi dan neoplasma, meskipun sensitivitasnya menurun pada lesi yang bersifat kistik. Kombinasi multimodal meningkatkan akurasi diagnostik. Kesimpulan: Pendekatan multidisiplin yang mengintegrasikan data klinis, radiologis, dan sitopatologis disarankan untuk diagnosis komprehensif lesi kistik ldi regio colli.
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