TINJAUAN NARATIF : PATOFISIOLOGI OTITIS MEDIA SEROSA TERKAIT PERAN DISFUNGSI TUBA EUSTACHIUS
NARRATIVE REVIEW : PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SEROUS OTITIS MEDIA RELATED TO THE ROLE OF EUSTACHIAN TUBE DYSFUNCTION
Abstract
Otitis media serosa (OME) merupakan kondisi peradangan telinga tengah tanpa tanda infeksi akut yang ditandai dengan adanya efusi persisten. Disfungsi tuba Eustachius (TE) berperan penting dalam patogenesis OME karena mengganggu ventilasi dan drainase telinga tengah. Artikel ini bertujuan menjelaskan peran disfungsi TE dalam patofisiologi OME berdasarkan temuan ilmiah terbaru. Kajian dilakukan melalui penelusuran literatur di PubMed dan Google Scholar (2021–2025) menggunakan kata kunci “otitis media serosa” dan “disfungsi tuba Eustachius”. Delapan artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dianalisis secara deskriptif. Seluruh studi menunjukkan hubungan kuat antara disfungsi TE dan OME. Faktor obstruktif seperti hipertrofi adenoid, deviasi septum, dan massa sinonasal menurunkan ventilasi telinga tengah, sedangkan faktor non-obstruktif seperti refluks gastroesofageal dan infeksi SARS-CoV-2 memperburuk fungsi TE melalui mekanisme inflamasi. Intervensi medis dan bedah terbukti memperbaiki fungsi TE serta menurunkan efusi, meski beberapa kasus memerlukan pendekatan multimodal. Disfungsi TE merupakan faktor sentral dalam patogenesis OME melalui kombinasi mekanisme obstruktif dan inflamasi. Pemahaman mendalam tentang proses ini penting untuk menentukan terapi komprehensif dan mencegah kekambuhan.
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