MANFAAT REHABILITASI JANTUNG BERBASIS RUMAH: TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS
Keywords:
rehabilitasi, berbasis rumah, kardiovaskular, manfaat, tinjauan sistematis
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) merupakan penyebab utama kematian secara global. Adanya program rehabilitasi jantung diharapkan mampu menurunkan angka kematian akibat CVD. Namun minimnya tingkat partisipasi akibat berbagai situasi menuntut adanya inovasi untuk menjangkau pasien lebih luas. Salah satu solusi yang dapat digunakan adalah pelaksanaan Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (HBCR). Tujuan: Mengevaluasi manfaat dan potensi HBCR sebagai strategi rehabilitasi jantung yang efektif dan berkelanjutan. Metode: Studi ini menggunakan metode PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) untuk melakukan tinjauan sistematis. Kata kunci yang digunakan adalah "cardiac rehabilitation" AND ("benefits" OR "outcomes" OR "effects"). Artikel dikumpulkan dengan kriteria inklusi: artikel original, berbahasa Inggris, dan diterbitkan tahun 2022-2025. Lalu dieliminasi dengan kriteria eksklusi: akses terbatas dan terjadi pengulangan dari sumber yang berbeda. Hasil: Dari hasil penelusuran didapatkan 1.107 artikel. Sebanyak 145 artikel dieksklusi karena pengulangan, 930 artikel karena PICO tidak sesuai, dan 8 artikel karena akses terbatas. Dari 24 artikel yang tersisa diketahui bahwa HBCR terbukti memberikan manfaat klinis seperti penurunan mortalitas dan angka rawat inap, serta peningkatan kapasitas fungsional, gaya hidup sehat, dan kualitas hidup. HBCR juga berkontribusi pada perbaikan kesehatan mental dan parameter biomedis, seperti tekanan darah, profil lipid, dan kadar glukosa darah. Kesimpulan: HBCR merupakan pendekatan rehabilitasi yang fleksibel dan efektif. Dengan penyesuaian program yang dipersonalisasi dan dukungan teknologi, HBCR dapat menjadi strategi rehabilitasi jantung yang komprehensif dan berkelanjutan.
References
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2. Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, et al. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. Dec 22 2020;76(25):2982-3021. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010
3. Bozkurt B, Fonarow GC, Goldberg LR, et al. Cardiac Rehabilitation for Patients With Heart Failure: JACC Expert Panel. J Am Coll Cardiol. Mar 23 2021;77(11):1454-1469. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.01.030
4. Ritchey MD, Maresh S, McNeely J, et al. Tracking Cardiac Rehabilitation Participation and Completion Among Medicare Beneficiaries to Inform the Efforts of a National Initiative. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. Jan 2020;13(1):e005902. doi:10.1161/circoutcomes.119.005902
5. McDonagh ST, Dalal H, Moore S, et al. Home-based versus centre-based cardiac rehabilitation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Oct 27 2023;10(10):Cd007130. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007130.pub5
6. Hammad Jafri S, Qureshi R, Ho TTT, et al. Home Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Participation Among Patients With Heart Failure. Current Problems in Cardiology. 2023/12/01/ 2023;48(12):102013. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102013
7. Jafri SH, Imran TF, Medbury E, et al. Cardiovascular Outcomes of Patients Referred to Home Based Cardiac Rehabilitation. Heart & Lung. 2022/03/01/ 2022;52:1-7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.11.005
8. Nkonde-Price C, Reynolds K, Najem M, et al. Comparison of Home-Based vs Center-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation in Hospitalization, Medication Adherence, and Risk Factor Control Among Patients With Cardiovascular Disease. JAMA Netw Open. Aug 1 2022;5(8):e2228720. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.28720
9. Krishnamurthi N, Schopfer DW, Shen H, Rohrbach G, Elnaggar A, Whooley MA. Association of Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation With Lower Mortality in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: Results From the Veterans Health Administration Healthy Heart Program. J Am Heart Assoc. Mar 7 2023;12(5):e025856. doi:10.1161/jaha.122.025856
10. Misra S, Niazi K, Swayampakala K, et al. Outcomes of a Remote Cardiac Rehabilitation Program for Patients Undergoing Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Pilot Study. JMIR Cardio. 2023/01/01/ 2023;7doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/49345
11. Dalli Peydró E, Sanz Sevilla N, Tuzón Segarra MT, Miró Palau V, Sánchez Torrijos J, Cosín Sales J. A randomized controlled clinical trial of cardiac telerehabilitation with a prolonged mobile care monitoring strategy after an acute coronary syndrome. Clin Cardiol. Jan 2022;45(1):31-41. doi:10.1002/clc.23757
12. Bilbrey T, Martin J, Zhou W, et al. A Dual-Modality Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program for Adults With Cardiovascular Disease: Single-Arm Remote Clinical Trial. JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 2024/01/01/ 2024;12doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/59098
13. Ashikaga K, Doi S, Yoneyama K, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Home-Based Cardiac Telemonitoring Rehabilitation in Patients After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Single-Center Usability and Feasibility Study. JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies. 2023/01/01/ 2023;10doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/45247
14. Sermsinsaithong N, Yuenyongchaiwat K, Thanawattano C, et al. Effects of a Home-Based Rehabilitation Exercise Program on Cardiorespiratory Performance in Community-Dwelling Adults Who Underwent Heart Surgery: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies. 2025/01/01/ 2025;12doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/68504
15. Chair SY, Cheng HY, Lo SWS, et al. Effectiveness of a home-based music-paced physical activity programme on exercise-related outcomes after cardiac rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2024;23(5):510-520. doi:10.1093/eurjcn/zvad115
16. Pinto R, Pires ML, Borges M, et al. Digital home-based multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation: How to counteract physical inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia. 2022/03/01/ 2022;41(3):209-218. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repc.2021.05.013
17. Duan Y, Liang W, Guo L, et al. Effectiveness of a WeChat Mini Program–Based Intervention on Promoting Multiple Health Behavior Changes Among Chinese Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases in Home-Based Rehabilitation: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2025/01/01/ 2025;27doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/66249
18. Su JJ, Wong AKC, He X-F, et al. Feasibility and effectiveness of cardiac telerehabilitation for older adults with coronary heart disease: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications. 2024/12/01/ 2024;42:101365. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2024.101365
19. AP DEL, Pereira DG, Nascimento IO, et al. Cardiac telerehabilitation in a middle-income country: analysis of adherence, effectiveness and cost through a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. Aug 2022;58(4):598-605. doi:10.23736/s1973-9087.22.07340-3
20. Hama T, Chacin Suarez AS, Bissen TG, et al. Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Among Attendees From a Large Health Care System During the Covid-19 Pandemic. JACC: Advances. 2024/12/01/ 2024;3(12, Part 1):101403. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101403
21. Dibben G, Hillsdon M, Dalal H, Tang L, Doherty P, Taylor R. Home-based cardiac rehabilitation and physical activity in people with heart failure: a secondary analysis of the REACH-HF randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open. 02/09 2023;13:e063284. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063284
22. Prado JP, Galdino G. Effect of a cardiac telerehabilitation program during COVID-19 associated social isolation. Sports Medicine and Health Science. 2024/09/01/ 2024;6(3):273-278. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smhs.2023.03.002
23. Dodson JA, Adhikari S, Schoenthaler A, et al. Rehabilitation at Home Using Mobile Health for Older Adults Hospitalized for Ischemic Heart Disease: The RESILIENT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. Jan 2 2025;8(1):e2453499. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.53499
24. Xizhen G, Lan Z, Chen Z. Effects of Home-based Remote Cardiac Rehabilitation on Left Ventricular Function and Fear of Exercise in Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI): A Retrospective Cohort Study. Heart Surg Forum. Dec 27 2023;26(6):E855-e862. doi:10.59958/hsf.6827
25. Dalli-Peydró E, Gisbert-Criado R, Amigó N, Sanz-Sevilla N, Cosín-Sales J. Cardiac telerehabilitation with long-term follow-up reduces GlycA and improves lipoprotein particle profile: A randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Cardiology. 2022/12/15/ 2022;369:60-64. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.08.017
26. Calvo-López M, Arranz Tolós R, Marin Expósito J, et al. Cardio4Health Study, a Cardiac Telerehabilitation Pilot Program Aimed at Patients After an Ischemic Event: Cross-sectional Study. JMIR Cardio. 2023/01/01/ 2023;7doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/44179
27. Xu D, Xu D, Wei L, Bao Z, Liao S, Zhang X. The Effectiveness of Remote Exercise Rehabilitation Based on the “SCeiP” Model in Homebound Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2024/01/01/ 2024;26doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/56552
28. Mahfouz Khalil MI, El-Monshed AH, Shaala RS, El-Sherif SM, Mousa EFS. Home-based transitional cardiac telerehabilitation in older adults post coronary artery bypass grafting: A randomized controlled trial. Geriatric Nursing. 2024/09/01/ 2024;59:139-149. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.06.044
29. Purcell C, Purvis A, Cleland JGF, et al. Home-based cardiac rehabilitation for people with heart failure and their caregivers: a mixed-methods analysis of the roll out an evidence-based programme in Scotland (SCOT:REACH-HF study). Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. Dec 14 2023;22(8):804-813. doi:10.1093/eurjcn/zvad004
2. Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, et al. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. Dec 22 2020;76(25):2982-3021. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010
3. Bozkurt B, Fonarow GC, Goldberg LR, et al. Cardiac Rehabilitation for Patients With Heart Failure: JACC Expert Panel. J Am Coll Cardiol. Mar 23 2021;77(11):1454-1469. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.01.030
4. Ritchey MD, Maresh S, McNeely J, et al. Tracking Cardiac Rehabilitation Participation and Completion Among Medicare Beneficiaries to Inform the Efforts of a National Initiative. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. Jan 2020;13(1):e005902. doi:10.1161/circoutcomes.119.005902
5. McDonagh ST, Dalal H, Moore S, et al. Home-based versus centre-based cardiac rehabilitation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Oct 27 2023;10(10):Cd007130. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007130.pub5
6. Hammad Jafri S, Qureshi R, Ho TTT, et al. Home Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Participation Among Patients With Heart Failure. Current Problems in Cardiology. 2023/12/01/ 2023;48(12):102013. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102013
7. Jafri SH, Imran TF, Medbury E, et al. Cardiovascular Outcomes of Patients Referred to Home Based Cardiac Rehabilitation. Heart & Lung. 2022/03/01/ 2022;52:1-7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.11.005
8. Nkonde-Price C, Reynolds K, Najem M, et al. Comparison of Home-Based vs Center-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation in Hospitalization, Medication Adherence, and Risk Factor Control Among Patients With Cardiovascular Disease. JAMA Netw Open. Aug 1 2022;5(8):e2228720. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.28720
9. Krishnamurthi N, Schopfer DW, Shen H, Rohrbach G, Elnaggar A, Whooley MA. Association of Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation With Lower Mortality in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: Results From the Veterans Health Administration Healthy Heart Program. J Am Heart Assoc. Mar 7 2023;12(5):e025856. doi:10.1161/jaha.122.025856
10. Misra S, Niazi K, Swayampakala K, et al. Outcomes of a Remote Cardiac Rehabilitation Program for Patients Undergoing Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Pilot Study. JMIR Cardio. 2023/01/01/ 2023;7doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/49345
11. Dalli Peydró E, Sanz Sevilla N, Tuzón Segarra MT, Miró Palau V, Sánchez Torrijos J, Cosín Sales J. A randomized controlled clinical trial of cardiac telerehabilitation with a prolonged mobile care monitoring strategy after an acute coronary syndrome. Clin Cardiol. Jan 2022;45(1):31-41. doi:10.1002/clc.23757
12. Bilbrey T, Martin J, Zhou W, et al. A Dual-Modality Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program for Adults With Cardiovascular Disease: Single-Arm Remote Clinical Trial. JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 2024/01/01/ 2024;12doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/59098
13. Ashikaga K, Doi S, Yoneyama K, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Home-Based Cardiac Telemonitoring Rehabilitation in Patients After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Single-Center Usability and Feasibility Study. JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies. 2023/01/01/ 2023;10doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/45247
14. Sermsinsaithong N, Yuenyongchaiwat K, Thanawattano C, et al. Effects of a Home-Based Rehabilitation Exercise Program on Cardiorespiratory Performance in Community-Dwelling Adults Who Underwent Heart Surgery: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies. 2025/01/01/ 2025;12doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/68504
15. Chair SY, Cheng HY, Lo SWS, et al. Effectiveness of a home-based music-paced physical activity programme on exercise-related outcomes after cardiac rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2024;23(5):510-520. doi:10.1093/eurjcn/zvad115
16. Pinto R, Pires ML, Borges M, et al. Digital home-based multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation: How to counteract physical inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia. 2022/03/01/ 2022;41(3):209-218. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repc.2021.05.013
17. Duan Y, Liang W, Guo L, et al. Effectiveness of a WeChat Mini Program–Based Intervention on Promoting Multiple Health Behavior Changes Among Chinese Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases in Home-Based Rehabilitation: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2025/01/01/ 2025;27doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/66249
18. Su JJ, Wong AKC, He X-F, et al. Feasibility and effectiveness of cardiac telerehabilitation for older adults with coronary heart disease: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications. 2024/12/01/ 2024;42:101365. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2024.101365
19. AP DEL, Pereira DG, Nascimento IO, et al. Cardiac telerehabilitation in a middle-income country: analysis of adherence, effectiveness and cost through a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. Aug 2022;58(4):598-605. doi:10.23736/s1973-9087.22.07340-3
20. Hama T, Chacin Suarez AS, Bissen TG, et al. Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Among Attendees From a Large Health Care System During the Covid-19 Pandemic. JACC: Advances. 2024/12/01/ 2024;3(12, Part 1):101403. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101403
21. Dibben G, Hillsdon M, Dalal H, Tang L, Doherty P, Taylor R. Home-based cardiac rehabilitation and physical activity in people with heart failure: a secondary analysis of the REACH-HF randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open. 02/09 2023;13:e063284. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063284
22. Prado JP, Galdino G. Effect of a cardiac telerehabilitation program during COVID-19 associated social isolation. Sports Medicine and Health Science. 2024/09/01/ 2024;6(3):273-278. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smhs.2023.03.002
23. Dodson JA, Adhikari S, Schoenthaler A, et al. Rehabilitation at Home Using Mobile Health for Older Adults Hospitalized for Ischemic Heart Disease: The RESILIENT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. Jan 2 2025;8(1):e2453499. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.53499
24. Xizhen G, Lan Z, Chen Z. Effects of Home-based Remote Cardiac Rehabilitation on Left Ventricular Function and Fear of Exercise in Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI): A Retrospective Cohort Study. Heart Surg Forum. Dec 27 2023;26(6):E855-e862. doi:10.59958/hsf.6827
25. Dalli-Peydró E, Gisbert-Criado R, Amigó N, Sanz-Sevilla N, Cosín-Sales J. Cardiac telerehabilitation with long-term follow-up reduces GlycA and improves lipoprotein particle profile: A randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Cardiology. 2022/12/15/ 2022;369:60-64. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.08.017
26. Calvo-López M, Arranz Tolós R, Marin Expósito J, et al. Cardio4Health Study, a Cardiac Telerehabilitation Pilot Program Aimed at Patients After an Ischemic Event: Cross-sectional Study. JMIR Cardio. 2023/01/01/ 2023;7doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/44179
27. Xu D, Xu D, Wei L, Bao Z, Liao S, Zhang X. The Effectiveness of Remote Exercise Rehabilitation Based on the “SCeiP” Model in Homebound Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2024/01/01/ 2024;26doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/56552
28. Mahfouz Khalil MI, El-Monshed AH, Shaala RS, El-Sherif SM, Mousa EFS. Home-based transitional cardiac telerehabilitation in older adults post coronary artery bypass grafting: A randomized controlled trial. Geriatric Nursing. 2024/09/01/ 2024;59:139-149. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.06.044
29. Purcell C, Purvis A, Cleland JGF, et al. Home-based cardiac rehabilitation for people with heart failure and their caregivers: a mixed-methods analysis of the roll out an evidence-based programme in Scotland (SCOT:REACH-HF study). Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. Dec 14 2023;22(8):804-813. doi:10.1093/eurjcn/zvad004
Published
2025-12-01
Section
Kajian Sistematis
Copyright (c) 2025 Sidhi Laksono, Wella Widyani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
