STANDAR MINIMUM KELENGKAPAN REKAM MEDIS GIGI UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI FORENSIK
MINIMUM COMPLETENESS STANDARD OF DENTAL RECORDS FOR FORENSIC IDENTIFICATION
Abstract
Rekam medis gigi memiliki peran penting dalam identifikasi forensik, terutama dalam proses pencocokan data antemortem dan postmortem pada kasus bencana massal, investigasi kriminal, maupun jenazah tanpa identitas. Meskipun manfaatnya telah diakui secara luas dalam pedoman internasional, hingga saat ini belum terdapat standar universal yang secara eksplisit mendefinisikan komponen minimum rekam medis gigi yang layak digunakan untuk kepentingan forensik. Variasi praktik dokumentasi klinis menyebabkan ketidakkonsistenan kualitas data, yang pada akhirnya dapat menghambat proses identifikasi. Tinjauan naratif ini bertujuan merumuskan kerangka konseptual mengenai standar minimum kelengkapan rekam medis gigi yang dapat diterapkan secara pragmatis dalam praktik klinik umum. Literatur ditelaah secara naratif dengan mengacu pada pedoman internasional, publikasi odontologi forensik, serta praktik dokumentasi klinis yang relevan. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa tiga komponen utama dapat dikategorikan sebagai ambang minimum, yaitu identitas pasien terverifikasi (nama, tanggal lahir, jenis kelamin), odontogram yang jelas, bertanggal dan ditandatangani, serta minimal satu radiograf diagnostik berupa panoramik atau periapikal. Komponen tambahan seperti CBCT, foto intraoral, dan catatan restorasi memiliki nilai forensik tambahan namun tidak termasuk dalam standar minimum universal karena keterbatasan ketersediaan. Kerangka ini menawarkan pendekatan yang menyeimbangkan kekuatan pembuktian forensik dan keterlaksanaan klinis, serta berpotensi meningkatkan kesiapan forensik dalam praktik kedokteran gigi sehari-hari.
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