PERAN HORMONAL TERHADAP TERJADINYA OSTEOARTHRITIS LUTUT PADA PEREMPUAN POST MENOPAUSE : SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
THE ROLE OF HORMONES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Abstract
Osteoartritis (OA) lutut merupakan penyebab utama kecacatan pada usia lanjut, dengan prevalensi lebih tinggi pada perempuan pascamenopause akibat penurunan estrogen. Defisiensi estrogen berperan dalam inflamasi, degradasi matriks tulang rawan, dan kerusakan tulang subkondral. Penelitian ini menggunakan systematic literature review (SLR) untuk menganalisis hubungan menopause dan perubahan hormonal dengan kejadian OA lutut. Literatur ditelusuri menggunakan pedoman PRISMA melalui PubMed, Google Scholar, dan ScienceDirect, dengan inklusi studi kohort, kasus-kontrol, atau potong lintang pada wanita pascamenopause ≥45 tahun, penelitian rentang tahun 2015-2025. Dari 226 artikel yang ditemukan, diperoleh 9 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria. 6 artikel menilai hubungan estrogen dengan OA, dimana 5 menunjukkan hubungan positif bahwa semakin rendah kadar estrogen, seperti pada menopause dini, maka progresivitas OA semakin meningkat. Sebaliknya, 1 artikel menunjukkan hubungan negatif, yaitu penggunaan terapi hormon (HT) dengan suplementasi estrogen dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko OA lutut. Selain itu, 2 artikel menyoroti peran Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) sebagai biomarker deteksi dini OA, dan 1 artikel membahas peran Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) dalam patofisiologi OA. Kesimpulannya, perubahan hormonal pada menopause, terutama defisiensi estrogen, rendahnya AMH, dan tingginya FSH, memiliki kontribusi penting terhadap patogenesis OA lutut.
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